A
This time of year many of us are determined to get back into shape. But if you are having trouble fitting into your tight jeans, it may not be your fault. Scientists now believe that willpower alone is not enough to lose weight. They say success depends on your genes, hormones (荷尔蒙) and psychology.
A study of 75 people by BBC Science and Oxford and Cambridge Universities has looked into why one-size-fits-all diets are often not successful. The scientists divided over-eaters into three groups—people who feast, people who constantly crave food and emotional eaters. They tailored (定制) diets to the needs of each group.
Feasters can’t stop eating once they start. This is because they don’t have the hormones that tell them when they are full. Scientists designed a diet for this group paying special attention to high protein foods that make them feel full for a long time. This included fish, chicken, basmati rice and grains. Bread and potatoes were not allowed because they do not fill you up for long.
Constant cravers always feel hungry. Scientists say that certain genes stop the messages the stomach sends to the brain saying it is full, meaning the cravers always feel like they need more fatty, sugary food. Dieting seven days a week is very hard for these people, so scientists put them on a normal, healthy diet five days a week, and eating whenever they feel stressed. To help them change this behaviour, scientists offered them group support in meetings and online as well as a diet.
During the study, people from all three groups lost weight on the tailored diets, with feasters losing the most and constant cravers losing the least.
So what about you? If any of the eating habits sound familiar, perhaps you should consider a new approach to slimming for now.
21. What is the solution that scientists suggest for feasters?
A. Providing them with a certain hormone.
B. Designing a high-protein diet for them.
C. Reducing their calorie intake on the weekend.
D. Giving them group support in meetings and online.
22. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. Bread and potatoes are harder to digest than fish and chicken.
B. Anyone can lose weight only if he or she has strong determination.
C. Emotional eaters are more likely to lose weight than constant cravers.
D. Scientists will find one-size-fits-all diets for those who want to lose weight.
23. The passage is mainly about______.
A. Three factors that determine our success in getting back into shape.
B. Three approaches to losing weight according to eating habits.
C. Willpower is not enough to lose weight.
D. A research on tailored diets.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家根据不同的饮食习惯为爱吃大餐的人、持续狂食者以及情绪化的食客量身定做不同的饮食方法来减肥。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Scientists designed a diet for this group paying special attention to high protein foods that make them feel full for a long time.”可知，科学家为这组人（爱吃大餐的人）设计了一种饮食，特别注意高蛋白食物，使他们在很长一段时间内都有饱腹感，故B项正确。
22. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“During the study, people from all three groups lost weight on the tailored diets, with feasters losing the most and constant cravers losing the least.”可知，在研究过程中，这三组人（爱吃大餐的人、持续狂食者以及情绪化的食客）都通过量身定做的饮食法减肥，爱吃大餐的人减肥效果最好，而持续狂食者的减肥效果差，由此判断出，情绪化的食客比持续狂食者更容易减肥，故C项正确。
23. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段“A study of 75 people by BBC Science and Oxford and Cambridge Universities has looked into why one-size-fits-all diets are often not successful. The scientists divided over-eaters into three groups—people who feast, people who constantly crave food and emotional eaters. They tailored (定制) diets to the needs of each group.”可知，英国广播公司科学频道和牛津剑桥大学对75人进行了一项研究，以探究为什么“一刀切”的饮食法往往不会减肥成功，科学家们将暴饮暴食的人分为三组：一组是爱吃大餐的人，一组是持续狂食者，还有一组是情绪化的食客，并为他们量身定做饮食方法，由此可知，本文主要介绍的是根据三种不同饮食习惯的减肥方法，故B项正确。
