第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The capital of a country is often a very populated city where much history has been made due to the high-level political and economic functions that occur there. However, sometimes government leaders decide to move the capital from one city to another. Capital relocation has been done hundreds of times throughout history. The ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Chinese changed their capital frequently.
Some countries choose new capitals that are more easily defended in a time of invasion (侵略) or war. Some new capitals are planned and built in previously undeveloped areas to promote development. Countries sometimes change their capital because they expect some type of political, social, or economic benefit. They hope and expect that the new capitals will surely develop into cultural treasure and hopefully make the country a more stable place.
Here are capital relocations that have occurred in approximately the last few centuries.
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Asia
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Japan
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from Kyoto to Tokyo — 1868
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Turkey
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from Istanbul to Ankara — 1923
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Israel
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from Tel Aviv-Jaffo to Jerusalem — 1950
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Europe
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Poland
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from Krakow to Warsaw — 1596
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Finland
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from Turku to Helsinki — 1812
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Italy
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from Turin to Florence to Salerno to Rome — 1871
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The Americas
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The US
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from New York to Washington — 1800
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Jamaica
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from Port Royal to Spanish Town to Kingston — 1872
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Oceania
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New Zealand
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from Auckland to Wellington — 1865
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1. Why did some countries decide to move the capital?
A. To further expand their land.
B. To uncover ancient treasure.
C. To develop undeveloped areas.
D. To declare war on another country.
2. Which country was the earliest to move its capital?
A. Turkey. B. Poland.
C. The United Sate. D. New Zealand.
3. What do Italy and Jamaica have in common?
A. They moved the capitals more than once.
B. Their capitals were destroyed in the war.
C. They moved their capitals in the same year.
D. Their capitals moved because of the economy.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了历史上一些经常迁都的国家以及其背后的原因。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Some new capitals are planned and built in previously undeveloped areas to promote development.( 一些新的首都被规划和建设在以前未开发的地区，以促进发展。)”可知，一些国家决定迁都是为了开发欠发达地区。故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据表格中“Poland from Krakow to Warsaw — 1596 (波兰于1596年将首都从克拉科夫迁到华沙)”可推知，波兰于1596年将首都从克拉科夫迁到华沙；再对比表格中其它国家迁都的时间可知，波兰迁都的时间最早。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格中“Italy from Turin to Florence to Salerno to Rome — 1871 (意大利在1871年将首都从都灵迁到佛罗伦萨，再迁到到萨勒诺，最后再迁到罗马)”可知，意大利曾经将首都从都灵迁到佛罗伦萨，再迁到到萨勒诺，最后再迁到罗马；再结合表格中“Jamaica from Port Royal to Spanish Town to Kingston-1872 (牙买加在1872年将首都从皇家港迁到西班牙城，最后再迁到金斯敦)”可知，牙买加曾将首都从皇家港迁到西班牙城，最后再迁到金斯敦。由此可知，意大利和牙买加的共同之处在于这两个国家都不止一次迁都。故选A。
