A
Perfectionism(完美主义)is always encouraged in our society.In one study，researchers found that over the time period studied，college students reported increasing levels of perfectionism: they held themselves to higher standards，felt there were higher expectations placed on them，and held others to higher standards.
Importantly，the biggest increase was in the social expectations that young adults picked up on from the surrounding environment.The researchers believe that this could be because society is increasingly competitive: college students might pick up on these pressures from their parents and from society，which would increase perfectionist tendencies.
Since perfectionism is associated with negative outcomes，what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior?
One possible alternative to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset.Researchers at Stanford University have found that developing a growth mindset is an important way to help us learn from our failures.Unlike those with fixed mindsets，those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play an important role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towards failure: they can praise their children for making an effort and help children learn to persevere(坚持不懈)when they make mistakes.
Another potential alternative to perfectionism is to develop selfcompassion(自怜)．To understand selfcompassion，think about how you would respond to a close friend if they made a mistake.Chances are you'd probably respond with kindness and understanding，knowing that your friend meant well.The idea behind selfcompassion is that we should treat ourselves kindly when we make mistakes，remind ourselves that mistakes are part of being human，and avoid being consumed by negative emotions.
Although people are sometimes hesitant to give up their perfectionist tendencies，psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn't mean being less successful.In fact，because mistakes are an important part of learning and growing，hugging imperfection can actually help us in the long run.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要建议我们放弃完美主义。
1．What mainly leads to college students' increasing levels of perfectionism?
A．The family background.
B．Social environment.
C．Personal choices.
D．National policies.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，研究人员认为，导致年轻人对完美主义的追求加剧的主要原因是社会激烈竞争的环境。
答案：B
2．What should we do to have a growth mindset?
A．Learn from our parents.
B．Try to avoid making mistakes.
C．Change the way we look at failure.
D．Change our attitude towards success.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段可知，所谓成长的心态，主要是我们要将错误和失败看作学习的机会。
答案：C
3．What is the key to developing selfcompassion?
A．Sticking to your principles.
B．Ignore what others think of you.
C．Challenging and improving yourself.
D．Understanding and accepting yourself.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，自我同情的关键在于认识到任何人(包括自己)都会犯错，接受不完美的世界(包括别人和自己)，然后善待别人，也善待自己。
答案：D
4．What's the text mainly about?
A．How to deal with perfectionism.
B．Why perfectionism is on the rise.
C．The problems with perfectionism.
D．The possible effects of perfectionism.
解析：主旨大意题。本文第一段指出大学生当中追求完美主义的情况在加剧，第二段分析其原因，接下来告诉我们如何放弃完美主义。由此可知答案。
答案：A
